Use Is_String to Check if a Variable Is a String in PHP

Use Is_String to Check if a Variable Is a String in PHP The is_string() PHP function is used to check if a type of variable is a  string. A string is a data type, such as floating point or integer, but it represents text rather than numbers. A string uses a set of characters that includes spaces and numbers. For instance, an address such as 1234 Broadway and the sentence I ate 3 hotdogs contain numbers that should be treated as text, not as numbers. How to Use the Function Is_string is used within an if () statement to treat strings in one way and non-strings in another. It returns true or false. For example: ?php if (is_string(23)) {echo Yes;} else {echo No;}? The code above should output No because 23 is not a string. Lets try this again: ?php if (is_string(Hello World)) {echo Yes;} else {echo No;}? Since Hello World is a string, this would echo Yes. Specifying a String A string can be specified in four ways: Single quotedDouble quoted  Heredoc syntaxNowdoc Syntax Each of these methods requires strict adherence  to PHP rules, which are available at the PHP website. The simplest method, single-quoted strings, requires special treatment when literal single quotation marks or literal backslashes appear in the string. Include a backslash in front of the single quotation mark or backslash within the string. The example below illustrates this treatment: ?php//  Outputs:  Arnold said:  Ill  be  backecho  Arnold said:  I\ll  be  back;//  Outputs:  I  deleted  C:\*.*?echo  I  deleted  C:\\*.*?;? Similar Functions is_float() – determines if the type of variable is floatis_int() – determines if the type of variable is integeris_bool() – determines if a variable is a booleanis_object() – determines if a variable is an objectis_array() – determines if a variable is an array

Google Inc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 8000 words

Google Inc - Essay Example From this discussion it is clear that  in 1998, the collaboration built a computer housing of their own and was located at Larry’s dorm room. In the same year, they built a business office in Sergey’s room where they transferred their project of BackRub.   This technology worked better than others that were available at the time. During the time of their inventions, Rankdex was been used to analyze the back links but it was not effective.   They later tested their project as part of their studies and they realized that their project could function quite effectively.  This paper outlines that the company gets a lot of revenue from advertising services. Proceeds from advertisement represent 99% of whole company’s revenue. This substantial revenue from advertisements is realized because of DoubleClick technology adopted by the company. This tracks user’s interests in many related sites. Google AdWords enable the Web advertisers to display their produc ts in Google’s search results through cost-per-view scheme.   In the book by Ledford, the establishment of the Google Adsense has attracted many internet advertisers since they can display Ads on their own sites and earn money every time they are viewed by internet users. The launching of behavioral targeting based on user’s interests also generated a lot of revenues for the company.  Google is the most used search engine and it has gained a lot of popularity since its conception. Google search engine has a market share of about 54% which is followed by Yahoo (20%).

Business Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Business Law - Research Paper Example As a function of this, the following analysis will seek to utilize a systemic approach to business law while at the same time briefly discussing the history of how it came to be and the ways in which it pervades the current economic system. Earliest business law dates back to the times of the first civilized societies that sought to place restraints on the manner in which goods could be traded within their societies. As the complexity of trade and commerce grew, so too did the constraints of oversight with relation to business. The British Empire enacted some of the highest levels of business law that had been seen previous to its existence. However, the greatest explosion of business law took place within the post industrial period. As a result of the mechanization of production and the rapidly increased rates in which consumer products were integrated within the market, a whole new level of legal constraints were necessitated (Hasnas, 2007). Due to the unethical behavior in which m any actors sought to integrate these goods within the markets, it was determined, just as it is within the current time, that the best means to protect the end consumer and guarantee that a further level of respect for these bounds might be entertained. However, before extolling the virtues of these constraints to a greater degree than is deserved, it should be understood and appreciated by the reader that these constraints cannot and should not be seen as the be all and end all of legal protection from the excess and greed that the business environment might seek to engage. Recent events such as the ponzi scheme of Bernie Madoff, the corruption of Enron, and the ways in which Lehman Brothers and a litany of other financial institution sought to cook the books with regards to the total level so debt they carried and the resiliency of their institutions should underscore the fact that oftentimes extant legal constraints upon business are not sufficient in order to curtail the greed a nd unethical nature that they necessarily exhibit. As a function of this, law and its growth and development and integration within the business environment is something that must continue to grow and evolve as the business environment itself also grows and evolves (Blodgett, 2011). Moreover, the reader should not understand business law to be the remediation of all unethical and immoral behavior due to the fact that law always acts as deterrent and lags behind the common practices that necessitate its legislation in the first place. Finally, although business law is extraordinarily important within the current environment, it cannot be stressed enough that its importance lies not with regards to the level of penalties that exist for disregard for these laws but with relation to the extent to which the deterrence that they reflect can seek to diminish the behavior that they seek to punish. This level of importance helps to underscore the fact that law and its implementation with reg ards to the business field exists as a means to integrate a better level of consumer representation and protection than would otherwise exist. However, protection of consumer interests is not the only reason in which business law exists. For instance, one of the largest segments of applied business law is with relation to

Education in Pakistan Essay Example for Free

Education in Pakistan Essay President Asif Ali Zardari signed ‘The Right to Free and Compulsory Education Bill 2012’ into law. The bill, which sought to ensure all children between five to 1 6 years of age are provided free education. He urged provincial governments to promulgate similar legislations in their respective assemblies as well. He said the responsibility for providing free education rests with both federal and provincial governments, referring to article 25-A of the Constitution. The article 25-A of Constitution of Pakistan obligates the state to provide free and compulsory quality education to children of the age group 5 to 16 years. The federal government will now provide free textbooks and uniform s to children and ensure schools have qualified teachers. Free pre-school education, early childhood care and free medical and dental inspection will also be provided to all citizens and no child will be subjected to corporal punishment â€Å"Under the law, private schools will be required to provide free education to disadvantaged students, who will comprise 10% of each class,† Zardari said, adding that school management committees will be established to persuade parents into sending their children to schools. â€Å"We will honor our international commitments and achieve the targets set by the Education for All and Millennium Development Goals initiatives. National Educational Policy 2009 Under the 18th constitutional amendment control and management of the education sector has been devolved to the provinces. They are now responsible for the key areas of the education sector i. e. curriculum and syllabus, centers of excellence, standards of education up to intermediate level (Grade 12) and Islamic education. Planning and policy and standards of education beyond Grade 12 are covered under Federal Legislative List. All the provinces have shown their commitment to the National Education Policy 2009. The National Educational Policy (NEP) 2009 is a milestone which aims to address a number of issues including: * Quality and quantity in schools and college education * Universal primary education * Improved Early Children Education (ECE) * Improved facilities in primary schools. * Converting primary schools to elementary schools * Detaching classes XI-XII from college education * Adopting a comprehensive definition of ‘free ‘education * Achieving regional and gender parity especially at elementary level the share of resources for education in both public and private sectors Accordingto the latest Pakistan Social and Living StandardsMeasurement (PSLM) Survey 2010-11, the literacyrate for the population (10 years and above) is 58percent during 2010-11.

AIDS in Africa :: HIV AIDS essays research papers

The AIDS epidemic has reached disastrous proportions on the continent of Africa. Over the past two decades, two thirds of the more than 16 million people in the world infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), which causes AIDS, live in sub-Saharan Africa. It is now home to the largest number of people infected, with 70 percent of the world’s HIV infected population. The problem of this ongoing human tragedy is that Africa is also the least equipped region in the world to cope with all the challenges posed by the HIV virus. In order understand the social and economic consequences of the disease, it is important to study the relationship between poverty, the global response, and the effectiveness of AIDS prevention, both government and grass roots. Half of the world’s cases are found in what is referred to as the AIDS belt, a chain of countries in eastern and southern Africa that is home to two percent of the global population. The main vehicle for spreading HIV throughout Africa is heterosexual intercourse. In contrast, this is the opposite compared to the U.S. where the virus is usually transmitted through homosexual intercourse or contaminated syringes shared by drug users. Besides heterosexual intercourse, HIV transmission through transfusion and contaminated medical equipment is common in sub-Saharan Africa. Africans infected with HIV die much sooner after diagnosis than HIV infected people in other parts of the world. In industrialized countries, the survival time after diagnosis of AIDS ranges from 9 to 26 months, but in Africa the survival time for patients is 5 to 9 months (UNAIDS 3). Factors, such as lower access to health care, poorer quality of health care services, poorer levels of average health and nutriti on, and greater exposure to pathogens that cause infection all contribute to the shorter survival in Africa. It is difficult to stop the flood of AIDS cases in Africa because it is not yet known by researchers the factors that contribute to outstanding prevalence of the disease among heterosexuals. This diagnosis will help determine how likely it is that heterosexual epidemics will spread to Asia or the West. Even though AIDS is heavily researched, its origin still remains a partial mystery. It is know that HIV is a zoonosis, a human disease acquired from animals. The virus evolved from a Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV): a type of slow virus found naturally in monkeys and apes which, while not harming the host, produces diseases in other primates (Caldwell 97).

Ddos Prevention Best Practices

To begin with, system hardening should be implemented on all University workstations, and especially the Web servers. This means turning off any unused services, closing all ports except those that are specifically needed for the operating roles of the servers, and ensuring that an anta;plus solution Is in place and regularly updated. Additionally, a strong patch management policy and procedure should be used to keep University computing assets up to date.This is to help prevent the exploitation of newly discovered vulnerabilities, and is part of the hardening process. All publicly available services, such as Web facing servers, DNS servers, and application servers, should be separated from private university resources. The separation should include enclosing the public servers in a DMZ. The DMZ should have firewalls in place on both sides of the network, to protect from external threats, and Internal ones. This separation also Isolates the servers from the rest of the network, in th e event one of them is compromised.Furthermore, PLANS should be implemented to break up broadcast domains, and IP subletting used to control outwork traffic, further isolating the public systems from the internal network devices. Also, A split DNS scheme that consists of an external DNS server separate from an Internal DNS server can help limit the Impact of DNS Dos style attacks. Network Address Translation (NAT) should remain in place, as it also has the effect of hiding the internal network from the Internet. Moreover, the blocking of IGMP or ping attempts should be blocked, at least externally, so that attempts to Identify systems from the Internet are reduced.As part of capacity planning, consideration should be made to plan for excess. This should help to absorb any Dodos attacks by having plenty of resources to maintain network operations. This Includes having more than adequate switch and router bandwidth, CAP]. And frame/packet processing ablest. Additional consideration sh ould be made to use different Internet Service Providers (ISP) for redundant connections. In the event of an attack, this has the benefit of having alternate paths to the Internet, providing redundancy and load sharing.When upgrading or replacing network equipment, anta-DoS capable devices should be carefully evaluated and selected. Intrusion Detection/Prevention Systems (DIPS) should be deployed, with the emphasis on prevention at the network perimeter. An inline device will be more effective placed behind the external facing firewall. The firewall is configured to allow only traffic that Is desired, blocking all other traffic, while the DIPS Is designed to block specific traffic and allow the rest. An DIPS device that uses both signature- 1 OFF positives, and therefore a better chance of detecting attacks.The DIPS device should be capable of sending alerts via email, SMS, and pager communication methods to Taft. The DIPS should also be configured to alter the firewall filtering ru les on the fly, in the event an attack is occurring. A period of fine tuning is necessary to reduce false positives, and ensure information is not lost due to miscommunication. Ingress and egress filtering needs to be implemented. This involves configuring the firewalls to block unreliable IP addresses as specified in RFC 1918, using Access Control Lists (Calls).This will help prevent IP address spoofing, and computing assets from being used to attack other organizations outside the University IP address pace. Egress filtering should only allow IP addresses to leave the University that fall within the range of allocated addresses. Log monitoring and review of all network and server devices should be performed regularly. In addition, IT staff should be alerted when suspicious activity or events are detected. For instance, repeated failed attempts to access a network device might indicate a password hacking attack. Performance baselines of essential network and server equipment needs to be documented.This will provide a metric of network utilization under normal operating conditions. Excessive use of resources above equipment baselines might indicate a Dodos attack. Also, establishing a performance baseline will aid in capacity planning and provide data for scalability and growth planning. A honesty with relaxed security should be installed. Its purpose is to draw hackers away from actual University computing assets by providing an easier target. It needs to be completely isolated from all other critical assets. The honesty should also be monitored, as data obtained from attacks can be used to shore up the rest of the network.An Incident Response Plan (RIP) needs to be drafted and provided to all University administrative staff. Potential items in the plan should include Points of Contacts (POCK), and handling procedures if an attack is suspected. In conjunction with the RIP, an Emergency Response Team (RET) comprised of senior network and information security p ersonnel, as well as members of the management team, should formalized. This team will be tasked with the responsibility as first responders to an attack. The RET should also have a Plan of Action (POP) more detailed than the RIP.Items in this Lana should include detailed network documentation, disaster recovery plans, any business continuity plans, ISP support numbers, etc. The combined effect of all of the measures previously described, will significantly lessen the impact of a Dodos attack. By no means is this document complete, and should be considered as a living document. As new threats emerge, additional or even different methods may be required to be put in place. Technology also improves over time, therefore a periodic review of the practices described should be conducted, and this document adjusted accordingly.

The Reality of Fast Food Consumption - 3064 Words

Nicholas Leung May 2012 The Reality of Fast Food Consumption Introduction When was the last time you had fast food just because it was so easy, filling, convenient and inexpensive? Fast foods restaurants provide foods that are quick, cheap, and easy alternatives to home cooked meals, that do not provide table service, and tend to be high in saturated fat, salt, calories while containing little nutrients (Gaskell). Sometimes we eat food from restaurant chains such as McDonalds, Kentucky Fried Chicken or Dunkin Donuts because it’s quick and may taste amazing when we’re really hungry. People primarily choose fast food because they find it quick, easily accessible, and good tasting (Hitti). While most Americans are aware that there are†¦show more content†¦Subway then compares the calories and fats of the other fast food restaurants. The results show that their food has about 10 times less fat as well as at least half the calories. However, it does not compare the sodium content of these meals. Subway also does not allow you to select a chocolate chip cookie as a side option to compare, as it contains 220 calories. On McDonalds site, it shows that its meal contains 1280mg of sodium. If you take the half-sandwich of subway’s Meatball Pepperoni Melt, it alone will have 1560 mg of sodium. Subway’s sandwich alone contains more sodium then McDonald’s entire Big Mac Meal. While Subway does offer healthier fast food options, it also serves up to consumers misleading nutrition information and fare that is just as unhealthy as their competitors. Fast food establishments create demand and attract customers with their advertising, some of it misleading consumers into thinking that their food is fresher, healthier, and more desirable than it really is. It is widely known that foods high in fats, calories, sugar or sodium and other addictive are unhealthy and increase the risk of gaining weight and continued weight gain leads to obesity. Fast food companies never warn consumers that most of their products are high in fats, calories, sodium and sugar. They do however run ads some food items are low fat or healthy. As a result, people easily fall into the habit of regularly consuming fastShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of Public Knowledge And Views On Fast Food Corporations1438 Words   |  6 Pagesoverview, and offered the context for the evaluation of the reality of the fast food chains strategies and ignorance. I used a survey in order to further my understanding about public knowledge and views on fast food corporations. Mos t of the research were secondary sources; for the authors used others research to further support their claims. 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